Incineration Furnace Puta Calcination Apparatus
Incineration Furnace Puta Calcination Apparatus (Sanskrit: Puta Yantra / Putapaka Yantra) is an instrument used in preparation and pharmaceutical equipment. A specially constructed furnace/pit arrangement for Putapaka (incineration/calcination) process used to convert metals and minerals into therapeutically safe Bhasma (calcined ash). Different sized Putas (fuel arrangements) provide different temperature ranges.
| Sanskrit name | Puta Yantra / Putapaka Yantra |
|---|---|
| Ayurvedic category | Preparation and Pharmaceutical Equipment |
A specially constructed furnace/pit arrangement for Putapaka (incineration/calcination) process used to convert metals and minerals into therapeutically safe Bhasma (calcined ash). Different sized Putas (fuel arrangements) provide different temperature ranges.
Where is it described in the classical texts?
Rasaratna Samuchaya; Rasa Tarangini (Taranga 2); Rasaprakasha Sudhakara. Puta is the cornerstone process of Rasashastra for making metals therapeutically safe through repeated calcination.
How is it used traditionally?
Preparation of Bhasma (calcined metallic/mineral ash), Sindura, and other Rasaushadhi (metal-based medicines). The Putapaka process involves repeated cycles of trituration with herbal juices followed by incineration.
Traditional materials
- Cow dung cakes (Gobar Upala) as fuel
- Earthen casserole (Sharava) as container
- Mud-sealed Sharava Samputa (sealed crucible pair)
- Brick/mud-lined pit
Modern variants
- Electric muffle furnaces with temperature controllers
- Programmable kilns
- Gas-fired furnaces
Regulatory status
- India Cdsco: Furnaces not classified as medical devices. Bhasma manufacturing facilities regulated under AYUSH GMP and Drug & Cosmetics Act Schedule T.
- Us Fda: Manufacturing equipment subject to cGMP if products are sold in the US.
- Eu Mdr: Not classified as medical devices.
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