# Incineration Furnace Puta Calcination Apparatus

> Incineration Furnace Puta Calcination Apparatus (Sanskrit: Puta Yantra / Putapaka Yantra) is an instrument used in preparation and pharmaceutical equipment. A specially constructed furnace/pit arrangement for Putapaka (incineration/calcination) process used to convert metals and minerals into therapeutically safe Bhasma (calcined ash). Different sized Putas (fuel arrangements) provide different temperature ranges.

## Key facts

- **Sanskrit name:** Puta Yantra / Putapaka Yantra
- **Ayurvedic category:** Preparation and Pharmaceutical Equipment

A specially constructed furnace/pit arrangement for Putapaka (incineration/calcination) process used to convert metals and minerals into therapeutically safe Bhasma (calcined ash). Different sized Putas (fuel arrangements) provide different temperature ranges.

## Where is it described in the classical texts?

Rasaratna Samuchaya; Rasa Tarangini (Taranga 2); Rasaprakasha Sudhakara. Puta is the cornerstone process of Rasashastra for making metals therapeutically safe through repeated calcination.

## How is it used traditionally?

Preparation of Bhasma (calcined metallic/mineral ash), Sindura, and other Rasaushadhi (metal-based medicines). The Putapaka process involves repeated cycles of trituration with herbal juices followed by incineration.

## Traditional materials

- Cow dung cakes (Gobar Upala) as fuel
- Earthen casserole (Sharava) as container
- Mud-sealed Sharava Samputa (sealed crucible pair)
- Brick/mud-lined pit

## Modern variants

- Electric muffle furnaces with temperature controllers
- Programmable kilns
- Gas-fired furnaces

## Regulatory status

- **India Cdsco:** Furnaces not classified as medical devices. Bhasma manufacturing facilities regulated under AYUSH GMP and Drug & Cosmetics Act Schedule T.
- **Us Fda:** Manufacturing equipment subject to cGMP if products are sold in the US.
- **Eu Mdr:** Not classified as medical devices.

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Published by Age Ayurveda in the Nighantu. Educational reference only, not medical advice.
Incorporates material from the Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database under CC BY 4.0.