vega-dhāraṇa (vegadhāraṇa); synonyms seen in sources: vegāvarodha, vegarodha, vega-vidhāraṇa, vega-nigraha, vega-sandhāraṇa: what the term means and how it is translated

Charaka SamhitaSutrasthana 7 (Na Vegan Dharaniya Adhyaya; Kaviratna: 'the lesson on the inadvisability of suppressing the urgings of nature'):Standard (Trikamji) 7/3-4 for the list of non-suppressible urges, read from Devanagari on carakasamhitaonline.com: 'न वेगान् धारयेद्धीमाञ्जातान् मूत्रपुरीषयोः| न रेतसो न वातस्य न छर्द्याः क्षवथोर्न च||३|| नोद्गारस्य न जृम्भाया न वेगान् क्षुत्पिपासयोः| न बाष्पस्य न निद्राया निःश्वासस्य श्रमेण च||४||'. Kaviratna prints his own numbers 1 and (OCR) 3, almost certainly 2, after these two aphorisms; he does not number the two opening formula sentences that Trikamji counts as 7/1-2. Both systems recorded; no conversion applied. · checked against the source

We shall now expound the lesson on the inadvisability of suppressing the urgings of nature. Thus said the illustrious son of Atri. One endued with intelligence should not suppress urgings, that have become pronounced, in respect of urine and faeces ; as also of the semen and the wind, and of vomitting and sneezing.1 The urgings also in respect of eructations, of yawns, of hunger and of thirst, of tears, of sleep, and of heavy breathing induced by toil (should not to be suppressed). Listen now to me as I discourse (to you) on the topic of treating the several diseases that are generated of the person who suppresses the urgings of these when they appear in pronounced forms.3

Charaka's list of thirteen adhāraṇīya vegas: urine, faeces, semen, flatus, vomiting, sneezing, eructation, yawning, hunger, thirst, tears, sleep, and breathing on exertion (niḥśvāsa śrameṇa). Note: no kāsa (cough) and no hikkā in Charaka's list as read here; cough appears in the Ashtanga Hridaya list (see gatheringNotes).

Charaka SamhitaSutrasthana 7:Standard (Trikamji) 7/25-27 (vega-nigraha-ja rogāḥ; dhāraṇīya vegas), Devanagari read on carakasamhitaonline.com: '||२५|| वेगनिग्रहजा रोगा य एते परिकीर्तिताः| इच्छंस्तेषामनुत्पत्तिं वेगानेतान्न धारयेत्', '||२६|| इमांस्तु धारयेद्वेगान् हितार्थी प्रेत्य चेह च| साहसानामशस्तानां मनोवाक्कायकर्मणाम्', '||२७|| लोभशोकभयक्रोधमानवेगान् विधारयेत्| नैर्लज्ज्येर्ष्यातिरागाणामभिध्यायाश्च बुद्धिमान्'. Kaviratna prints 24 and (OCR) 26, probably 25, after the corresponding aphorisms. Both systems recorded; not converted. · checked against the source

suppress these impulses also, viz., those of (ill-regulated) courage and all fruitless impulses of thought, word, and deed.*24 The man of intelligence should also suppress the impulses of cupidity, grief, fear, wrath, pride, shamelessness, envy, violent propensities of every kind, and covetousness.26

That the same chapter prescribes dhāraṇa (suppression) of the dhāraṇīya vegas (greed, grief, fear, anger, pride, shamelessness, envy, excessive attachment, covetousness, and rash acts of mind, speech and body). 'Vega-dhāraṇa' is therefore not uniformly harmful in Charaka; the harmful act is dhāraṇa of the adhāraṇīya vegas, which Charaka names vega-nigraha in 7/25. The first sentence of the quote begins mid-aphorism because the OCR page break fell inside it; a human should read the scan for the opening words.

Sushruta SamhitaUttara-tantra 55 (Udāvarta-pratiṣedha):Suśruta Uttaratantra 55.3-6 (chapter title उदावर्तप्रतिषेध; Trikamji/Dalhaṇa ed., Pandurang Jawaji 1938, pp. 776-777). 55.3 = the 'wise man' verse; 55.6 = the 'thirteen types' verse. · checked against the source

अधश्चोर्ध्वं च भावानां प्रवृत्तानां स्वभावतः ॥ न वेगान् धारयेत् प्राज्ञो वातादीनां जिजीविषुः ॥३॥ वातविण्मूत्रजृम्भाश्रुक्षवोद्गारवमीन्द्रियैः ॥ व्याहन्यमानैरुदितैरुदावर्तो निरुच्यते ॥४॥ क्षुत्तृष्णाश्वासनिद्राणामुदावर्तो विधारणात् ॥ तस्याभिधास्ये व्यासेन लक्षणं च चिकित्सितम् ॥५॥ त्रयोदशविधश्चासौ भिन्न एतैस्तु कारणैः ॥ अपथ्यभोजनाच्चापि वक्ष्यते च तथाऽपरः ॥६॥

Suśruta Uttaratantra 55.1-6 established from a printed, numbered Sanskrit edition. The citation's 'wise man valuing his life shall never repress any natural urging' = Su.U. 55.3; the udāvarta definition from the nine urges = 55.4; hunger, thirst, breath and sleep = 55.5; 'of thirteen different types ... over and above the apathyaja one' = 55.6. Thirteen = nine urges in 55.4 + four in 55.5; apathyaja is a further type named in 55.6. Dalhaṇa glosses इन्द्रिय at 55.4 as शुक्र, corroborating Bhishagratna's 'discharge of semen'. The chapter-level address can now be replaced by Su.U. 55.3-6, and the openQuestion's guess of 55.3-5 corrected.

Ashtanga HridayaSutrasthana 4 (Roganutpadaniya):4/1 (adhāraṇīya list: 'वेगान्न धारयेद्वातविण्मूत्रक्षवतृट्क्षुधाम् । निद्राकासश्रमश्वासजृम्भाश्रुच्छर्दिरेतसाम् ॥ १ ॥') and 4/24 (dhāraṇīya: 'धारयेत्तु सदा वेगान् हितैषी प्रेत्य चेह च । लोभेर्ष्याद्वेषमात्सर्यरागादीनां जितेन्द्रियः ॥ २४ ॥'), numbers as printed on easyayurveda.com and ahsutrasthana.blogspot.com; not checked against a printed Sanskrit edition. · address only, nothing quoted to check

Vagbhata's adhāraṇīya list includes kāsa (cough), which Charaka's Su. 7/3-4 list does not; it is this AH list that most modern '13 urges' tables actually follow.