snigdha: what the term means and how it is translated

Charaka SamhitaSutrasthana 1:Standard 1.60-61 (carakasamhitaonline Deerghanjiviteeya); Kaviratna prints 59 and 60 after the two sentences, p. 6, Lesson I (archive.org BIUSante_47357 leaf 15, read from the page image; the djvu OCR gives 69 and 80) · checked against the source

Sanskrit (carakasamhitaonline, Trikamji numbering): "सस्नेहमुष्णं तीक्ष्णं च द्रवमम्लं सरं कटु| विपरीतगुणैः पित्तं द्रव्यैराशु प्रशाम्यति||६०|| गुरुशीतमृदुस्निग्धमधुरस्थिरपिच्छिलाः| श्लेष्मणः प्रशमं यान्ति विपरीतगुणैर्गुणाः||६१||" Kaviratna (his 59-60): "Bile, which may be cold, hot, keen, soft, sour, liquid, and bitter, is speedily cured by objects having adverse attributes. Heavy, cold, mild, watery, sweet, stable, and slimy, these attributes of phlegm are cured by objects having adverse attributes."

Kaviratna's 'cold' in the pitta list at his Su.1.59 is a translator's error, not a variant reading. The printed 1921 Āyurvedadīpikā edition, whose verse numbering matches Kaviratna's exactly (58 vāta / 59 pitta / 60 kapha / 61), reads सस्नेहमुष्णं तीक्ष्णं च द्रवमम्लं सरं कटु and Cakrapāṇi glosses सस्नेहमिति ईषत्स्नेहं, building the doctrine that ghee is a pitta remedy on that very word. No retrievable witness reads śīta, and Kaviratna prints no variant footnote.

Charaka SamhitaSutrasthana 22:Standard 22.11 (first half, definition) and 22.15 (snehana list); Kaviratna prints 7-9 and 13 · checked against the source

That which leads to secretions of oily matter, softness of the body, and increase of impurities, is said to be Snehana. [...] Such things as are liquid, subtile, stable, oily, slimy, heavy, cooling, not pungent or mild, and soft, are generally regarded as Snehana.

Snehana defined as producing sneha-viṣyanda, mārdava, kleda; snigdha ('oily') among snehana qualities. Sanskrit as retrieved: स्नेहनं स्नेहविष्यन्दमार्दवक्लेदकारकम्| (11a) and द्रवं सूक्ष्मं सरं स्निग्धं पिच्छिलं गुरु शीतलम्| प्रायो मन्दं मृदु च यद्द्रव्यं तत्स्नेहनं मतम्||१५|| (https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php/Langhanabrimhaniya_Adhyaya). Note Kaviratna's 'stable' where the retrieved Sanskrit has saram (mobile).

Sushruta SamhitaSutrasthana 46:Sanskrit 46.516 per the numbered text on easyayurveda.com; Bhishagratna prints no verse number (vol. 1 p. 567) · checked against the source

Oleaginousness imparts a gloss or oiliness, and acts as an emollient tonic, and cosmetic.

Sushruta's karma of snigdha: sneha, mārdava, bala, varṇa. Sanskrit as retrieved: स्नेहमार्दवकृत् स्निग्धो बलवर्णकरस्तथा| रूक्षस्तद्विपरीतः स्याद्विशेषात् स्तम्भनः खरः||५१६|| (https://www.easyayurveda.com/sushruta-samhitha-sutrasthana-46-annapana-vidhi-adhyaya-regimen-of-food-and-drinks/). 'tonic' = bala-kara, 'cosmetic' = varṇa-kara.

Sushruta SamhitaSutrasthana 42:Sushruta Sutrasthana 42.8, third sub-clause (the ślesma/madhura samāna-yoni clause) · checked against the source

माधुर्यस्नेहगौरवशैत्यपैच्छिल्यगुणलक्षणः श्लेष्मा, तस्य समानयोनिर्मधुरो रसः, सोऽस्य माधुर्यान्माधुर्यं वर्धयति, स्नेहात्स्नेहं, गौरवाद्गौरवं, शैत्याच्छैत्यं, पैच्छिल्यात्पैच्छिल्यमिति ॥ (३) ॥

Ḍalhaṇa's Nibandhasaṅgraha on Su.Su. 42.7 passes no judgement on whether Sushruta accepts the kecit two-fold saumya/āgneya division of rasas: he glosses agnīṣomīyatva and reads the two ca-s as implying a further twofold division by sneha/rūkṣa and guru/laghu, and records no dissent. Sushruta's mūla at 42.7 also lacks the rejection marker he uses elsewhere (Su.Su. 36, 'tat tu na samyak'). A Sushruta-voice link between sneha and madhura rasa is available instead at Su.Su. 42.8, third sub-clause, where kapha is characterised by mādhurya, sneha, gaurava, śaitya and paicchilya and madhura is named its samāna-yoni rasa.