Patha
Cissampelos pareira
Patha (Cissampelos pareira) is a plant used in Ayurveda. Alkaloids are lipophilic (log P 2-4) and cross biological membranes readily. First-pass metabolism is moderate; sustained-release formulations may improve therapeutic coverage. Hayatine shows Tmax of 2-3 hours.
| Botanical name | Cissampelos pareira |
|---|---|
| Identity source | Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. I: PATHA (Root) |
| Also called | Cyclea peltata (regional usage) Stephania japonica (traded as a substitute) |
| Family | Menispermaceae · other entries in this family |
| Order | Ranunculales |
| Taxon identifiers | GBIF 3033937 · Wikidata Q3291604 · NCBI Taxonomy 108409 |
Names and identification
| Language | Name |
|---|---|
| English | Patha |
Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)
| Property | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rasa (Taste) | Tikta | Primary taste |
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu, Tikshna | Physical quality |
| Virya (Potency) | Ushna | Heating/Cooling effect |
| Vipaka (Post-digestive) | Katu | Post-digestive effect |
Dosage forms and preparation
Dosage Forms: Churna (root powder), Kwatha (decoction), Capsule, Tablet, Vati, Asava
Standard Dosage: 1-3 g root powder daily; 15-20 mL decoction twice daily; 500 mg standardized extract twice daily
Bioavailability: Cissampeline (hayatinine) and other bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Cissampelos pareira have moderate oral bioavailability (30-45%) with good GI absorption. Alkaloids are lipophilic (log P 2-4) and cross biological membranes readily. First-pass metabolism is moderate; sustained-release formulations may improve therapeutic coverage. Hayatine shows Tmax of 2-3 hours.
Optimal Timing: After meals to reduce GI irritation. For fever: between meals with warm water. Not recommended for extended continuous use beyond 4-6 weeks.
Standardized Extract: Patha root extract (6:1) standardized to total bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 2-4% (as cissampeline). HPTLC fingerprint with authenticated reference standard.
Shelf Life: Root powder: 18-24 months; Standardized extract: 24-36 months; Tablets/Capsules: 24-36 months
Storage: Root material and powder: airtight containers, below 25 deg C, RH <55%, protected from light and moisture. Extracts: amber containers, cool storage. Products with alkaloids: secure storage as required by local regulations.
Marker Compounds: Cissampeline (Hayatinine), Hayatine, Pareirubrine, Cissamine, Curine, Isochondrodendrine, Beta-sitosterol
Extraction Methods
- Aqueous decoction (traditional)
- Hydroalcoholic extraction (50-70% ethanol)
- Acid-base extraction for alkaloid purification
- Methanol extraction for comprehensive alkaloid profiling
- Cold maceration in water
Synergistic Combinations
Published research
Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.
Other clinical studies and reviews3
- 2021. Cissampelos pareira L.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacologyJournal of ethnopharmacology. PMID 33485976 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.113850
- 2017. Medicinal plants used to treat snakebite in Central America: Review and assessment of scientific evidenceJournal of ethnopharmacology. PMID 28179114 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.011
- 2014. From arrow poison to herbal medicine--the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological significance of Cissampelos (Menispermaceae)Journal of ethnopharmacology. PMID 24997389 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.054
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