Age Ayurveda Nighantu

Panasa

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Panasa (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a plant used in Ayurveda. Jacalin (lectin from seeds) is degraded by digestive proteases with negligible systemic absorption. Flavonoids from fruit show 15-30% bioavailability. Seed starch provides slow-release carbohydrate energy.

Key facts
Botanical nameArtocarpus heterophyllus
FamilyMoraceae · other entries in this family
OrderRosales
Taxon identifiersGBIF 2984565 · Wikidata Q45757 · NCBI Taxonomy 3489

Names and identification

LanguageName
EnglishPanasa

Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

PropertyValueDescription
Rasa (Taste)Madhura, KashayaPrimary taste
Guna (Quality)Guru, SnigdhaPhysical quality
Virya (Potency)SheetaHeating/Cooling effect
Vipaka (Post-digestive)MadhuraPost-digestive effect

Dosage forms and preparation

Dosage Forms: Fresh fruit, Dried fruit powder, Seed flour, Capsule (seed extract), Tablet, Jam/preserve, Latex preparation

Standard Dosage: 100-200 g fresh fruit; 5-10 g seed powder daily; 500 mg - 1 g seed extract twice daily

Bioavailability: Carotenoids (beta-carotene, lutein) from jackfruit flesh have moderate bioavailability (15-25%) enhanced by co-ingestion with fat. Jacalin (lectin from seeds) is degraded by digestive proteases with negligible systemic absorption. Flavonoids from fruit show 15-30% bioavailability. Seed starch provides slow-release carbohydrate energy. Artocarpanone from heartwood has limited data on human pharmacokinetics.

Optimal Timing: Fruit: as a meal or snack, not on empty stomach due to high sugar. Seed powder: with meals. Seed extract supplements: after meals.

Standardized Extract: Jackfruit seed extract (10:1) standardized to total flavonoids >3%, total phenolics >5% GAE. Fruit powder with minimum beta-carotene 50 mcg/g, total dietary fiber >5%.

Shelf Life: Dried fruit: 6-12 months; Seed flour: 6-12 months (due to residual oil rancidity); Seed extract: 18-24 months; Capsules: 18-24 months

Storage: Dried fruit: below 25 deg C, RH <45%, moisture-barrier packaging. Seed flour: refrigerated or below 25 deg C, protect from moisture and oxidation. Extract: airtight, below 25 deg C, protect from light.

Marker Compounds: Artocarpanone, Artocarpesin, Morin, Dihydromorin, Beta-carotene, Lutein, Jacalin (lectin, for identity), Cycloartenone

Extraction Methods

  • Mechanical extraction and drying of fruit flesh
  • Seed flour preparation by drying and milling
  • Hydroalcoholic extraction of seed for flavonoid fraction
  • Hot water extraction of seed for starch isolation
  • Methanol extraction of heartwood for artocarpanone
  • Enzyme-assisted extraction for improved polyphenol yield

Synergistic Combinations

  • Amalaki (enhanced antioxidant and vitamin C combination)
  • Haridra (anti-inflammatory food combination)
  • Ela (digestive and flavor enhancement)
  • Nagakesara (traditional Ayurvedic combination for digestive disorders)
  • Coconut (complementary amino acid profile from seed)

Published research

Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.

Other clinical studies and reviews3

  1. Gupta A, Marquess AR, Pandey AK and others. 2023. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in health and disease: a critical reviewCritical reviews in food science and nutrition. PMID 35144492 · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2031094
  2. Ranasinghe RASN, Maduwanthi SDT, Marapana RAUJ. 2019. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): A ReviewInternational journal of food science. PMID 30723733 · doi:10.1155/2019/4327183
  3. Akkouh O, Ng TB, Singh SS and others. 2015. Lectins with anti-HIV activity: a reviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 25569520 · doi:10.3390/molecules20010648

Laboratory and animal studies9

  1. Bueno-Rojas DA, Bueno-Rojas JA, Rodríguez-Aguayo C and others. 2025. Development of kombucha beverage with jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) and/or soursop leaves (Annona muricata)Food chemistry. PMID 39729659 · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142348
  2. Wang Y, Huang Y, Song L and others. 2024. The characteristic VOCs of different parts of Artocarpus heterophyllus fruit based on HS-SPME-GC-MS and PTR-TOF-MSFood chemistry. PMID 39018618 · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140431
  3. Rodrigues JFB, Azevedo VS, Medeiros RP and others. 2023. Physicochemical, Morphological, and Cytotoxic Properties of Brazilian Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Starch Scaffold Loaded with Silver NanoparticlesJournal of functional biomaterials. PMID 36976067 · doi:10.3390/jfb14030143
  4. Iddagoda J, Gunasekara P, Handunnetti S and others. 2023. Identification of allergens in Artocarpus heterophyllus, Moringa oleifera, Trianthema portulacastrum and Syzygium samarangenseClinical and molecular allergy : CMA. PMID 37568224 · doi:10.1186/s12948-023-00187-2
  5. Navarrete-Solis A, Hengl N, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA and others. 2020. Rheological and physicochemical stability of hydrolyzed jackfruit juice (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) processed by spray dryingJournal of food science and technology. PMID 32116375 · doi:10.1007/s13197-019-04098-6
  6. da Silva TA, Oliveira-Brito PKM, de Oliveira Thomaz SM and others. 2020. ArtinM: Purification and Evaluation of Biological ActivitiesMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). PMID 32306342 · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_34
  7. Gupta AK, Rather MA, Kumar Jha A and others. 2020. Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Flowers: New Sources of Bioactive CompoundsPlants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 33050190 · doi:10.3390/plants9101329
  8. Loizzo MR, Tundis R, Chandrika UG and others. 2010. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) leaves extractsJournal of food science. PMID 20629886 · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01614.x
  9. Zheng ZP, Chen S, Wang S and others. 2009. Chemical components and tyrosinase inhibitors from the twigs of Artocarpus heterophyllusJournal of agricultural and food chemistry. PMID 19588925 · doi:10.1021/jf9014685

Consult a qualified vaidya before acting on anything here. Ayurvedic practice is prescribed to a person, not to a condition: the same dravya is given, withheld or substituted depending on your constitution, your agni, the season and what else you are already taking. A page cannot know any of that. Self-prescribing from a reference is how the wrong preparation, the wrong dose or the wrong anupana gets used.

Educational reference only. Nothing on this page is medical advice, a diagnosis, or a recommendation to take anything. Traditional uses and research findings are reported as published, not as claims about what any product does. If you take prescribed medication, raise any interaction with the prescriber rather than acting on a page. See our editorial standards.