Changeri
Oxalis corniculata L.
Changeri (Oxalis corniculata L.) is a plant used in Ayurveda, from the Oxalidaceae family. Not listed in WHO monographs; included in traditional pharmacopeias of India and China; used in approved Chinese patent medicines.
| Botanical name | Oxalis corniculata L. |
|---|---|
| Family | Oxalidaceae · other entries in this family |
| Order | Oxalidales |
| Pharmacopoeia status | Not listed in WHO monographs; included in traditional pharmacopeias of India and China; used in approved Chinese patent medicines |
| Taxon identifiers | GBIF 8427624 · Wikidata Q162795 · NCBI Taxonomy 212256 |
Names and identification
| Language | Name |
|---|---|
| English | Changeri |
| Latin/Botanical | Oxalis corniculata L. |
Key Phytochemical Constituents
- Oxalic acid and its salts
- Flavonoids (vitexin, isovitexin, vitexine-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside)
- Polysaccharides
- Essential fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, linolenic, oleic acids)
- Tannins and polyphenols
- Ascorbic acid
How does it work?
- Antioxidant activity via flavonoid-mediated (vitexin, isovitexin) free radical scavenging and metal chelation
- Anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- Neuroprotective effects via polyphenol-mediated protection against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage
- Antimicrobial activity through disruption of microbial cell membranes by organic acids and phenolic compounds
Which traditional uses are supported by research?
- Anti-inflammatory and wound healing (Shotha-hara) - validated through multiple in vivo anti-inflammatory studies
- Antipyretic and cooling (Jvarahara, Pittahara) - confirmed through pharmacological studies showing significant fever reduction
- Digestive disorders and diarrhea (Atisara-nashaka) - antimicrobial and astringent properties support traditional antidiarrheal use
- Eye conditions (Netra-roga) - traditional eye drops use partially supported by anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial data
What do recent clinical trials show?
- Zhong T, He J, Zhao H and others 2025. Oxalis corniculata L. As a Source of Natural Antioxidants: Phytochemistry, Bioactivities, and Application Potential. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 41300509 · doi:10.3390/antiox14111352
Identified dominant metabolite classes (flavonoids, polysaccharides, organic acids) and validated antioxidant-driven pharmacological properties including neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
2 further claims previously listed here could not be traced to a published paper and have been removed. An absence here means we could not identify the source, not that no work exists.
Recent safety updates
- Contains significant oxalic acid content; excessive consumption may contribute to kidney stone formation (calcium oxalate stones) in susceptible individuals
- Generally safe for short-term traditional use at recommended doses; not recommended for patients with hyperoxaluria, gout, or kidney disease; long-term safety data lacking
Dosage forms and preparation
Dosage Forms: Swarasa (fresh juice), Churna (powder), Kashayam (decoction), Lepa (paste), Capsule
Standard Dosage: 5-10ml fresh juice twice daily; 1-3g powder; 30-50ml decoction; external paste as needed. Use in moderate doses—contains oxalic acid.
Bioavailability: Oxalis corniculata—contains oxalic acid which can affect mineral (calcium, iron) bioavailability negatively through chelation. Vitamin C content enhances iron absorption from co-consumed foods. Flavonoids (vitexin, isovitexin) show moderate oral bioavailability (20-30%). Fresh juice provides highest bioavailability of water-soluble constituents. CAUTION: High oxalate content contraindicates use in renal calculi patients.
Optimal Timing: With meals to buffer acidity; fresh juice mid-morning; external paste as needed for skin conditions; avoid on completely empty stomach
Standardized Extract: Whole plant extract standardized to total flavonoids NLT 3%; vitamin C NLT 1%. Total oxalate content must be declared on label.
Shelf Life: 2 days (fresh juice, refrigerated); 18 months (powder); 2 years (capsule)
Storage: Fresh juice refrigerated at 2-8°C in glass containers. Dried material in airtight containers protected from moisture and light.
Marker Compounds: Oxalic acid, Vitexin, Isovitexin, Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), Tartaric acid, Citric acid, Beta-sitosterol, Gallic acid
Extraction Methods
- Fresh juice expression (Swarasa)
- Aqueous decoction for Kashayam
- Hydroalcoholic extraction (50:50) for flavonoid fraction
- Low-temperature drying followed by grinding for powder
- Cold maceration for external paste
Synergistic Combinations
Published research
Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.
Other clinical studies and reviews3
- 2026. Chemical Diversity and Biomedical Relevance of Oxalis corniculata L.: A Review of Nutritional and Pharmacological AspectsChemistry & biodiversity. PMID 41240331 · doi:10.1002/cbdv.202502154
- 2025. Oxalis corniculata L. As a Source of Natural Antioxidants: Phytochemistry, Bioactivities, and Application PotentialAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 41300509 · doi:10.3390/antiox14111352
- 2022. A Review on Phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculataCombinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. PMID 34391377 · doi:10.2174/1386207324666210813121431
Laboratory and animal studies9
- 2023. From green to red: Urban heat stress drives leaf color evolutionScience advances. PMID 37862418 · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq3542
- 2022. An acidic polysaccharide from Oxalis corniculata L. and the preliminary study on its antioxidant activityJournal of food biochemistry. PMID 35579221 · doi:10.1111/jfbc.14235
- 2022. Apoptosis Effects of Oxalis corniculata L. Extract on Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line:Galen medical journal. PMID 36698692 · doi:10.31661/gmj.v11i.2484
- 2021. Hybridization of Oxalis corniculata and O. dillenii in their non-native rangePhytoKeys. PMID 34054321 · doi:10.3897/phytokeys.178.61031
- 2021. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Oxalis corniculata (L.)Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources. PMID 33889744 · doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1878950
- 2020. Complete Chloroplast Genome Characterization of Oxalis Corniculata and Its Comparison with Related Species from Family OxalidaceaePlants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 32717796 · doi:10.3390/plants9080928
- 2019. The origin of Oxalis corniculata LPeerJ. PMID 30783568 · doi:10.7717/peerj.6384
- 2016. Anticancer activity of Cynodon dactylon and Oxalis corniculata on Hep2 cell lineCellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). PMID 27188871
- 2015. Ethnomedicinal plants of Kathua district, J&K, IndiaJournal of ethnopharmacology. PMID 26023030 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.028
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