Amra
Mangifera indica L.
Amra (Mangifera indica L.) is a plant drug, also called Cutam and Ama, from the Anacardiaceae family. Mangifera indica is included in multiple national pharmacopeias.
| Botanical name | Mangifera indica L. |
|---|---|
| Family | Anacardiaceae · other entries in this family |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Pharmacopoeia status | Mangifera indica is included in multiple national pharmacopeias. WHO recognizes traditional use in various member states. Mangiferin supplements are commercially available globally. Listed in AYUSH pharmacopeias of India. |
| Taxon identifiers | GBIF 3190638 · Wikidata Q3919027 · NCBI Taxonomy 29780 |
| Sanskrit | आम्र (āmra), Amrab ijamajja, चूतम् (cūtam) |
|---|---|
| Hindi | आम (āma) |
| English | Mango |
| Tamil | Maangottai, Mamaram, Mangottai Paruppu, மா, மாங்காய் |
| Malayalam | Manga, Mavu |
| Telugu | Amaramu, Mamidi-Jeedi |
| Kannada | Amavina, Mavu |
| Marathi | Amba |
| Bengali | Am |
| Gujarati | Aambaro, Ambanoo, Ambo, Keri |
| Urdu | Aam |
| Punjabi | Amb |
| Oriya | Am, Amba, Ambakoiti, Amkoili |
| Assamese | Aam |
Sources: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India; Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (column alignment reconstructed); Flowers of India, 'Mango' page (Mangifera indica): "Hindi: Am (आम)", Devanagari, exact match; MMPND Mangifera page: Hindi "आम Āma (aam)".; Flowers of India, 'Mango' page (Mangifera indica): "Tamil: Ma (மா)", Tamil script; MMPND Mangifera page prints Tamil "மா Mā, மாங்காய் Māṅkāy, மாம்பழம் Māmpaḻam, ஆம்பிரம் Āmpiram".; MMPND Mangifera page, Sanskrit list: "आम्र Aamra, Ambrah, Amra chuta, Madhuula...", Devanagari; wisdomlib's Cūta entry cites Amarakośa synonyms Āmra and Rasāla.; MMPND Mangifera page, Tamil list: "மாங்காய் Māṅkāy (Maangai)", Tamil script; Flowers of India gives the Kannada cognates ಮಾ Maa, ಮಾವು Maavu.; Wisdomlib's Sanskrit-dictionary and Ayurveda entry for Cūta (चूत): "the mango tree", glossed botanically as Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae), with Rāmāyaṇa and Śākuntala attestations and Amarakośa synonyms Āmra and Rasāla; MMPND Mangifera page independently lists Sanskrit "Amra chuta".. How we source.
The evidence at a glance
12papers on this site for this drug, published 2010 to 2025, every one with a DOI.
- 8Other clinical studies and reviews
- 4Laboratory and animal studies
A count is not a conclusion and a tier is a study design, not a verdict. Everything listed here is laboratory or animal work, which does not show an effect in people. Each paper is listed with what it measured on the page below. See the research index for how papers are tiered.
Names and identification
| Language | Name |
|---|---|
| English | Mango |
| Latin/Botanical | Mangifera indica L. |
Key Phytochemical Constituents
- Mangiferin (xanthone C-glucoside)
- Isomangiferin
- Gallotannins
- Gallic acid
- Quercetin
- Isoquercetin
- Ellagic acid
- Protocatechuic acid
- Catechin
- Beta-carotene
- Lupeol triterpenoid
- Glucogallin
How does it work?
- Antidiabetic activity via mangiferin-mediated AMPK activation, enhanced GLUT4 translocation and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase
- Anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of NF-kB, COX-2, and iNOS by mangiferin and gallic acid derivatives
- Antioxidant activity via xanthone-mediated free radical scavenging, chelation of Fe2+ ions and upregulation of Nrf2/ARE pathway
- Anticancer mechanisms through induction of apoptosis (caspase-3/9 activation), cell cycle arrest and inhibition of angiogenesis
Which traditional uses are supported by research?
These summaries come from the source notes, which do not name the studies behind them.
- Bark and leaf decoctions are traditionally used for diabetes. Preclinical studies and preliminary clinical observations have reported antidiabetic activity.
- Traditionally used for diarrhea and dysentery. Animal studies have reported antimicrobial activity and astringent effects of tannins.
- Bark decoction is traditionally used as a mouthwash for oral health. Studies have reported antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens.
- Traditionally used for anemia. The leaves and fruits are reported to contain iron. Studies in deficient models have reported hematopoietic effects.
What do recent studies show?
- Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR 2017. A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mangifera indica (Mango). Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. PMID 29456572 · doi:10.1155/2017/6949835
Documented anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities attributed primarily to mangiferin and gallotannins. In cell-line (in vitro) work, leaf and bark extracts showed anticancer activity in MCF-7 breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cell lines through apoptosis induction via caspase-3 activation.
Only studies that could be traced to a published paper are listed here. An absence here means we could not identify the source, not that no work exists.
Recent safety updates
- Mangiferin and mango polyphenols are generally safe at dietary and supplemental doses; GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status for mango fruit and derived products
- Mango latex and sap contain urushiol-like allergens causing contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals; mango allergy (cross-reactivity with cashew and pistachio) documented in clinical reports
What is it made of?
Key Active Markers
- Quercetin
- Isoquercetin
- Catechin
- Lupeol
- Mangiferin
- Isomangiferin
- Gallotannins
- Gallic acid
- Ellagic acid
- Protocatechuic acid
- Beta-carotene
Dosage forms and preparation
Dosage Forms: Churna (dried fruit/seed kernel powder), Amchur (dried unripe fruit powder), Aam Panna (beverage), Capsule, Tablet, Avaleha (preserve), Majja (pulp-based preparations)
Standard Dosage: 3-6g powder twice daily; 5-10g Amchur as culinary-medicinal ingredient; 50-100ml Aam Panna
Optimal Timing: Before meals for appetite stimulation (Amchur); with meals for digestive support; Aam Panna traditionally taken in summer afternoons
Storage: Amchur in airtight containers at room temperature. Extracts below 25°C in moisture-proof packaging. Fresh pulp preparations require refrigeration.
Marker Compounds: Mangiferin, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Beta-carotene, Isomangiferin, Quercetin, Catechol tannins
Synergistic Combinations
Published research
Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.
Other clinical studies and reviews8
- 2025. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) By-products in Food Processing and Health PromotionNutrition reviews. PMID 39903188 · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae214
- 2023. Mangifera indica L., By-Products, and Mangiferin on Cardio-Metabolic and Other Health Conditions: A Systematic ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 38137871 · doi:10.3390/life13122270
- 2023. Effect of Mangifera Indica (Mango) on Dental Caries: A Systematic ReviewNutrition and metabolic insights. PMID 38024868 · doi:10.1177/11786388231204200
- 2021. Mango (Mangifera indica L.): a magnificent plant with cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic potentialCritical reviews in food science and nutrition. PMID 32506936 · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1771678
- 2021. Bioactive compounds of mango (Mangifera indica): a review of extraction technologies and chemical constituentsJournal of the science of food and agriculture. PMID 34324201 · doi:10.1002/jsfa.11455
- 2021. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting BioactivitiesAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 33669341 · doi:10.3390/antiox10020299
- 2019. Chemical Composition of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical CompoundsFrontiers in plant science. PMID 31681339 · doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01073
- 2017. A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications, Pharmacological Activities, and Bioactive Compounds of Mangifera indica (Mango)Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. PMID 29456572 · doi:10.1155/2017/6949835
Laboratory and animal studies4
- 2025. Exploring the dual role of Mangifera indica L. in regulating immune response and pain persistence in inflammatory bowel diseasePharmacological research. PMID 40389041 · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107773
- 2024. A reverse translational approach reveals the protective roles of Mangifera indica in inflammatory bowel diseaseJournal of autoimmunity. PMID 38522129 · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103181
- 2024. Prebiotic effects of Talinum triangulare and Mangifera indica on slow growing broiler chickens (SASSO)Heliyon. PMID 38327443 · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25557
- 2010. Mangifera indica (mango)Pharmacognosy reviews. PMID 22228940 · doi:10.4103/0973-7847.65325
Reviewed by Dr. Awadesh Pratap Singh, BAMS, on 11 October 2026. What that review covered.
Consult a qualified vaidya before acting on anything here. Ayurvedic practice is prescribed to a person, not to a condition: the same dravya is given, withheld or substituted depending on your constitution, your agni, the season and what else you are already taking. A page cannot know any of that. Self-prescribing from a reference is how the wrong preparation, the wrong dose or the wrong anupana gets used.
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