Amra Beeja
Mangifera indica
Amra Beeja (Mangifera indica) is a plant used in Ayurveda. The seed kernel (Mangifera indica kernel) is rich in tannins (gallic acid, ellagic acid) and fats. Gallic acid has high oral bioavailability (~70%).
| Botanical name | Mangifera indica |
|---|---|
| Family | Anacardiaceae · other entries in this family |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Also known as | Amra Beeja, AmraBeeja |
| Taxon identifiers | GBIF 3190638 · Wikidata Q3919027 · NCBI Taxonomy 29780 |
Names and identification
| Language | Name |
|---|---|
| English | Amra Beeja |
Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)
| Property | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rasa (Taste) | Kashaya | Primary taste |
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu, Ruksha | Physical quality |
| Virya (Potency) | Sheeta | Heating/Cooling effect |
| Vipaka (Post-digestive) | Katu | Post-digestive effect |
Dosage forms and preparation
Dosage Forms: Churna (seed kernel powder), Capsule, Tablet, Kwatha (decoction), Gutika (pills)
Standard Dosage: 3-6g kernel powder twice daily; 500mg-1g extract capsule twice daily; 50ml decoction twice daily
Bioavailability: Moderate to good bioavailability. The seed kernel (Mangifera indica kernel) is rich in tannins (gallic acid, ellagic acid) and fats. Gallic acid has high oral bioavailability (~70%). Tannin-protein interactions in GI tract can reduce protein absorption but the tannins themselves are bioactive. Fat content of kernel aids absorption of lipophilic compounds. Defatted kernel extract shows better aqueous dissolution.
Optimal Timing: Before meals with buttermilk or rice water for diarrhea; with honey for bleeding disorders
Standardized Extract: Kernel extract (10:1) standardized to minimum 20% total polyphenols (as gallic acid equivalent). Defatted kernel powder with minimum 15% tannins.
Shelf Life: 18 months (kernel powder, defatted); 12 months (with fat, due to rancidity risk); 2 years (capsules/tablets); 6 months (decoction)
Storage: Cool, dry place below 25°C. Defatted powder in airtight containers. Full-fat powder requires nitrogen-flushed packaging and refrigeration.
Marker Compounds: Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallotannins, Pentagalloylglucose, Methyl gallate, Beta-sitosterol
Extraction Methods
- Aqueous decoction of kernel powder
- Hydroalcoholic extraction (60:40) for polyphenol enrichment
- Defatting with hexane followed by aqueous extraction
- Ethanol extraction for concentrated tannin fraction
Synergistic Combinations
- With Kutaja for diarrhea and dysentery management
- With Lodhra for menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding)
- With Nagakesara for bleeding disorders
- With Musta for GI disorders
Published research
Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.
Other clinical studies and reviews7
- 2025. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) By-products in Food Processing and Health PromotionNutrition reviews. PMID 39903188 · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae214
- 2023. Mangifera indica L., By-Products, and Mangiferin on Cardio-Metabolic and Other Health Conditions: A Systematic ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 38137871 · doi:10.3390/life13122270
- 2023. Molecular Insights into Abiotic Stresses in MangoPlants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 37653856 · doi:10.3390/plants12101939
- 2021. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting BioactivitiesAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 33669341 · doi:10.3390/antiox10020299
- 2021. Mango (Mangifera indica L.): a magnificent plant with cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic potentialCritical reviews in food science and nutrition. PMID 32506936 · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1771678
- 2021. Bioactive compounds of mango (Mangifera indica): a review of extraction technologies and chemical constituentsJournal of the science of food and agriculture. PMID 34324201 · doi:10.1002/jsfa.11455
- 2019. Chemical Composition of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit: Nutritional and Phytochemical CompoundsFrontiers in plant science. PMID 31681339 · doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01073
Laboratory and animal studies5
- 2024. A reverse translational approach reveals the protective roles of Mangifera indica in inflammatory bowel diseaseJournal of autoimmunity. PMID 38522129 · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103181
- 2023. Advances in sequencing and key character analysis of mango (Mangifera indica L.)Horticulture research. PMID 37601702 · doi:10.1093/hr/uhac259
- 2018. Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang®) reduces plasma and liver cholesterol and leucocyte oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor deficient miceCell biology international. PMID 29427465 · doi:10.1002/cbin.10950
- 2010. Mangifera indica (mango)Pharmacognosy reviews. PMID 22228940 · doi:10.4103/0973-7847.65325
- 2009. Mango, Mangifera indicaAnnals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. PMID 19558000 · doi:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60114-7
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