Agnimantha

Premna integrifolia (syn. Clerodendrum phlomidis)

Agnimantha (Premna integrifolia (syn. Clerodendrum phlomidis)) is classified in Ayurveda as Shothaghna (Anti-inflammatory), Deepaniya (Appetizer), from the Lamiaceae family. Parts used: root, bark, leaf. Name means 'fire churner' — stimulates digestive fire.

Key facts
Botanical name	Premna integrifolia (syn. Clerodendrum phlomidis)
Currently accepted name	Premna serratifolia L. — the name above is treated as a synonym by GBIF; both are in use
Family	Lamiaceae · other entries in this family
Order	Lamiales
Ayurvedic category	Shothaghna (Anti-inflammatory), Deepaniya (Appetizer)
Taxon identifiers	GBIF 7308606 · Wikidata Q87639631

Names and identification

Language	Name
English	Agnimantha
Common Names	Agnimantha, Fire churner
Hindi	Arani, Agnimantha
Sanskrit	Agnimantha
Latin/Botanical	Premna integrifolia (syn. Clerodendrum phlomidis)

Parts Used

Root
Bark
Leaf

Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

Property	Value	Description
Rasa (Taste)	Tikta	Primary taste
Guna (Quality)	Laghu	Physical quality
Virya (Potency)	Ushna	Heating/Cooling effect
Vipaka (Post-digestive)	Katu	Post-digestive effect

Dosha Effects

Dosha	Effect
Vata	Decreases
Kapha	Decreases
Pitta	May Increase

Key Phytochemical Constituents

Premnine
Ganiarine
Clerodane diterpenes
Flavonoids

Therapeutic Actions (Karma)

Anti-inflammatory
Digestive stimulant
Anti-rheumatic
Diuretic
Analgesic

How is it used traditionally?

Name means ‘fire churner’ — stimulates digestive fire. One of ten roots in Dashamoola. Used for Shotha (inflammation), Agnimandya (weak digestion), and Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis).

Where is it described in the classical texts?

Charaka Samhita (Shothaghna group)
Sushruta Samhita

Recommended Dosage

Root powder: 3-6g/day; Decoction: 50-100ml/day

Safety, contraindications and cautions

Pitta conditions
Pregnancy

What is it made of?

Part(s) Analyzed: Root, Bark, Leaf

Dosage forms and preparation

Dosage Forms: Churna (powder), Kashayam (decoction), Kwatha tablet, Capsule, Asava-Arishta (fermented preparation), Guggulu combination

Standard Dosage: 3-6g powder twice daily; 50-100ml decoction twice daily; 500mg-1g extract capsule

Bioavailability: Moderate bioavailability. Key bioactives (flavonoids, lignans, iridoid glycosides) show reasonable oral absorption. Prematurrins and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are well absorbed. Enhancement via piperine co-administration increases bioavailability by 30-40%. Ghee as anupana facilitates lipophilic constituent absorption.

Optimal Timing: Before meals with warm water for metabolic and digestive indications; with Dashamoola kwatha for inflammatory conditions

Standardized Extract: Standardized to minimum 2.5% total flavonoids (as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural equivalent). Root bark extract with minimum 1% prematurrins.

Shelf Life: 2 years (powder); 3 years (tablets/capsules); 5 years (Asava-Arishta)

Storage: Cool, dry place below 25°C, RH < 60%. Protect from light. Asava-Arishta in amber glass bottles at room temperature.

Marker Compounds: Premnatriol, Prematurrins A-D, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Iridoid glycosides, Agnuside, Beta-sitosterol

Extraction Methods

Aqueous decoction (1:16, reduced to 1/4)
Hydroalcoholic extraction (70:30 ethanol-water)
Supercritical CO2 extraction for terpenoid enrichment
Sequential extraction (hexane → ethyl acetate → methanol → water)

Synergistic Combinations

With Bilva as part of Dashamoola (ten roots) formulation
With Shyonaka, Patala, Gambhari for anti-inflammatory action
With Guduchi for metabolic syndrome
With Guggulu for thyroid support and lipid management

Published research

Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.

Other clinical studies and reviews3

Aye MM, Aung HT, Sein MM and others. 2019. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties and Pharmacological Activities of 15 Selected Myanmar Medicinal PlantsMolecules (Basel, Switzerland). PMID 30650546 · doi:10.3390/molecules24020293
Mali PY. 2016. Pharmacological potentials of Premna integrifolia LAncient science of life. PMID 27143797 · doi:10.4103/0257-7941.179864
Mali PY. 2015. Premna integrifolia L.: A review of its biodiversity, traditional uses and phytochemistryAncient science of life. PMID 26600661 · doi:10.4103/0257-7941.165624

Laboratory and animal studies9

Alsareii SA, Alzerwi NAN, AlAsmari MY and others. 2022. Topical Application of Premna integrifolia Linn on Skin Wound Injury in Rats Accelerates the Wound Healing Process: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental ModelsEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. PMID 35463068 · doi:10.1155/2022/6449550
Singh C, Upadhyay R, Tiwari KN. 2022. Comparative analysis of the seasonal influence on polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, identification of bioactive constituents and hepatoprotective biomarkers by in silico docking analysis in Premna integrifolia LPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology. PMID 35221581 · doi:10.1007/s12298-021-01120-0
Singh C, Tiwari KN, Kumar P and others. 2021. Toxicity profiling and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia L. for its application as protective agent against xenobioticsToxicology reports. PMID 33489779 · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.004
Singh C, Prakash C, Mishra P and others. 2019. Hepatoprotective efficacy of Premna integrifolia L. leaves against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in miceToxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology. PMID 31125618 · doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.014
Singh C, Prakash C, Tiwari KN and others. 2018. Premna integrifolia ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity by modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosisBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. PMID 30118879 · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.039
Azad R, Babu NK, Gupta AD and others. 2018. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Premna integrifolia extracts and assay-guided isolation of a COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitorFitoterapia. PMID 30339925 · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.016
Win NN, Woo SY, Ngwe H and others. 2018. Tetrahydrofuran lignans: Melanogenesis inhibitors from Premna integrifolia wood collected in MyanmarFitoterapia. PMID 29540314 · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2018.03.002
Khatun H, Majumder R, Al Mamun and others. 2014. Preliminary pharmacological activity of the methanolic extract of Premna integrifolia barks in ratsAvicenna journal of phytomedicine. PMID 25050319
Gokani RH, Lahiri SK, Santani DD and others. 2011. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Premna integrifolia rootJournal of complementary & integrative medicine. PMID 22754928 · doi:10.2202/1553-3840.1216

Cite this page. Age Ayurveda. “Agnimantha.” Age Ayurveda Nighantu. Last reviewed 18 September 2026. https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/herb/agnimantha/
Machine-readable source: Markdown. Reviewed 2026-09-18.

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