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Udumbara

Ficus racemosa Linn.

Udumbara (Ficus racemosa Linn.) is a plant drug, also called Hemadugdha, Jantuphala and Jantuphalah, from the Moraceae family. Listed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API).

Key facts
Botanical nameFicus racemosa Linn.
FamilyMoraceae · other entries in this family
OrderRosales
Pharmacopoeia statusListed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Not included in WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants as of 2025. Recognized in AYUSH systems of India.
Taxon identifiersGBIF 5361904 · Wikidata Q713794 · NCBI Taxonomy 100569
Names in other languages
SanskritHemadugdha, Jantuphala, जन्तुफलः (jantuphalaḥ), Sadaphala, सदाफलः (sadāphalaḥ)
Hindiगूलर (gūlara), उदुंबर (uduṃbara), Umar
EnglishCluster Fig, Country fig. Cluster Fig
Tamilஅத்தி, Atti
MalayalamAthi
TeluguAtti, Medi
KannadaAthimara, Attigida, Attihanninamara, Oudumbara
MarathiAtti, Gular, Umber
BengaliJagnadumur, Jogmadumur, Yagnadumur
GujaratiUmbro, Umerdo
UrduGular
PunjabiGular, Kath Gular, Rumbn, Umbra
OriyaDimbiri, Dumuri, Jajnadimbri
AssameseJambhaij, Jamij, Jangedumuru, Yagyadimru
KashmiriRumbal

Sources: Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India; Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (column alignment reconstructed); Flowers of India page for Ficus racemosa, titled 'Goolar', gives 'Hindi: गूलर Goolar'; MMPND Ficus racemosa Hindi list includes 'Gular'; Flowers of India, Ficus racemosa ('Goolar') page: 'Tamil: அத்தி Atti'; MMPND Ficus racemosa Tamil list: 'Atti, Athi, Atthi, Attee marum, Vellaiatthi'; MMPND Sorting Ficus names, Ficus racemosa Sanskrit list: 'Hemadugdhaka, Jantuphala, Sadaphalah, Udumbar, Udumbara, Yajnanga'; the Udumbara dravyaguna monograph literature gives the same set plus kshiravriksha, kalaskandha, sheetavalka; MMPND Sorting Ficus names, Ficus racemosa Sanskrit list: 'Sadaphalah'; MMPND Sorting Ficus names, Ficus racemosa entry, Hindi list: 'Ambar (Bombay), Doomar, Domoor, Gular, Udumbara, Umar, Umbar'. How we source.

The evidence at a glance

12papers on this site for this drug, published 2009 to 2025, every one with a DOI.

  • 4Other clinical studies and reviews
  • 8Laboratory and animal studies

A count is not a conclusion and a tier is a study design, not a verdict. Everything listed here is laboratory or animal work, which does not show an effect in people. Each paper is listed with what it measured on the page below. See the research index for how papers are tiered.

Names and identification

LanguageName
EnglishUdumbara
Latin/BotanicalFicus racemosa Linn.

Key Phytochemical Constituents

How does it work?

These are proposed mechanisms; they are not established in humans.

  • Antidiabetic action via beta-sitosterol-mediated enhancement of insulin secretion and improvement of peripheral glucose uptake
  • Hepatoprotective effect through bergenin-mediated reduction of liver enzyme levels and suppression of oxidative stress biomarkers
  • Anti-diarrheal activity through tannin-mediated astringent effects on intestinal mucosa and reduction of intestinal motility
  • Antioxidant action via free radical scavenging by phenolics, flavonoids and bergenin

Which traditional uses are supported by research?

These summaries come from the source notes, which do not name the studies behind them.

  • Animal studies using alloxan- and STZ-induced diabetic models have reported reduced blood glucose.
  • Animal studies using castor oil-induced diarrhea models have reported reduced frequency and volume of diarrhea.
  • Animal studies using excision and incision wound models have reported improved collagen deposition and epithelialization.
  • Animal studies have reported gastroprotective activity in aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer models.

What do recent studies show?

No study for this section could be traced to a published paper. An absence here means we could not identify the source, not that no work exists.

Recent safety updates

  • Toxicity studies in rodent models show no significant adverse effects at doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight (acute oral toxicity)
  • Latex may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals; internal use of latex should be supervised due to potential purgative effects at high doses

Dosage forms and preparation

Dosage Forms: Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), Capsule, Tablet, Svarasa (latex/juice), Lepa (paste)

Standard Dosage: 3-6 g bark powder twice daily; 50-100 mL decoction twice daily; latex: 5-10 drops with honey

Optimal Timing: Before meals for GI astringent action; after meals for general tonic; external application as needed

Storage: Bark powder in airtight containers at 15-25 deg C, protected from moisture and insects. Latex stored in amber glass at 2-8 deg C with preservative (0.1% sodium benzoate).

Marker Compounds: Ficusin, Psoralen, Bergapten, Leucocyanidin, beta-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Lupeol, Ficin

Synergistic Combinations

  • Ashoka (Saraca asoca) - traditionally paired as a uterine tonic for menorrhagia
  • Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) - traditionally paired for astringent action in gynecological complaints
  • Nyagrodha (Ficus benghalensis) - Panchavalkal combination (five bark formula)
  • Gular bark in Panchvalkal with Ashvattha, Plaksha, Parisha

Published research

Literature indexed in PubMed that concerns this subject, grouped by study type. A paper appearing here is a record of what has been published, not evidence that the subject works, and laboratory or animal results do not transfer to people. Study titles link to PubMed so you can read the source rather than take our word.

Other clinical studies and reviews4

  1. Rani A, Zia-Ul-Sabah, Tabassum F and others. 2024. Molecular interplay between phytoconstituents of Ficus Racemosa and neurodegenerative diseasesThe European journal of neuroscience. PMID 38217338 · doi:10.1111/ejn.16250
  2. Febriyanti RM, Levita J, Diantini A. 2024. Immunomodulatory Role of Plants and Their Constituents on the Management of Metabolic Disorders: An Evidence-Based ReviewDrug design, development and therapy. PMID 38415194 · doi:10.2147/DDDT.S442566
  3. Yadav RK, Nandy BC, Maity S and others. 2015. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical trial of Ficus racemosaPharmacognosy reviews. PMID 26009696 · doi:10.4103/0973-7847.156356
  4. Ahmed F, Urooj A. 2010. Traditional uses, medicinal properties, and phytopharmacology of Ficus racemosa: a reviewPharmaceutical biology. PMID 20645741 · doi:10.3109/13880200903241861

Laboratory and animal studies8

  1. Swargiary A, Daimari M, Verma AK. 2025. Screening of antihyperglycemic and cytotoxic properties of Ficus racemosa L. Fruit extractIn silico pharmacology. PMID 40727492 · doi:10.1007/s40203-025-00397-3
  2. Hossain MU, Rahman ABZN, Hossain MS and others. 2025. Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosaBMC complementary medicine and therapies. PMID 40604816 · doi:10.1186/s12906-025-04845-7
  3. Rani A, Sharma PB, Bhatia S and others. 2024. Comprehensive study on pharmacognostic, pharmacological, and toxicological features of Ficus racemosa in Alzheimer's disease using GC-MS and molecular docking analysesToxicology research. PMID 38957785 · doi:10.1093/toxres/tfae098
  4. Liu Y, Zheng W, Zhang L and others. 2022. Metabolomics-based evidence of the hypoglycemic effect and alleviation of diabetic complications by Ficus racemosa fruit in diabetic miceFood & function. PMID 35771162 · doi:10.1039/d2fo01163h
  5. Keshari AK, Kumar G, Kushwaha PS and others. 2016. Isolated flavonoids from Ficus racemosa stem bark possess antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and protective effects in albino Wistar ratsJournal of ethnopharmacology. PMID 26869543 · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.004
  6. Ahmed F, Urooj A, Karim AA. 2013. Protective effects of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubucin-induced renal and testicular toxicityPharmacognosy magazine. PMID 23772108 · doi:10.4103/0973-1296.111265
  7. Ahmed F, Chandra JN, Manjunath S. 2011. Acetylcholine and memory-enhancing activity of Ficus racemosa barkPharmacognosy research. PMID 22224047 · doi:10.4103/0974-8490.89744
  8. Jahan IA, Nahar N, Mosihuzzaman M and others. 2009. Hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Ficus racemosa Linn. fruitsNatural product research. PMID 19296381 · doi:10.1080/14786410802230757

Reference lists that include it

Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Kaempferol, Lupeol, Stigmasterol, Tannins

Reviewed by Dr. Awadesh Pratap Singh, BAMS, on 11 October 2026. What that review covered.

Consult a qualified vaidya before acting on anything here. Ayurvedic practice is prescribed to a person, not to a condition: the same dravya is given, withheld or substituted depending on your constitution, your agni, the season and what else you are already taking. A page cannot know any of that. Self-prescribing from a reference is how the wrong preparation, the wrong dose or the wrong anupana gets used.

Educational reference only. Nothing on this page is medical advice, a diagnosis, or a recommendation to take anything. Traditional uses and research findings are reported as published, not as claims about what any product does. If you take prescribed medication, raise any interaction with the prescriber rather than acting on a page. See our editorial standards.