Age Ayurveda Nighantu

Shara

Saccharum bengalense

Shara (Saccharum bengalense) is a plant used in Ayurveda. Kshara (alkali) preparations are highly water-soluble and rapidly absorbed. Silica content (from grass species) has low systemic bioavailability but contributes to local GI effects.

Key facts
Botanical nameSaccharum bengalense
Identity sourceAyurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. I: SARA (Root)
Also calledSaccharum sara Roxb. (attribution recorded without a cited source)
Saccharum munja Roxb. (nomenclatural synonym)
Tripidium bengalense (Retz.) H.Scholz (nomenclatural synonym)
Saccharum spontaneum (attribution recorded without a cited source)
Currently accepted nameTripidium bengalense (Retz.) H.Scholz — the name above is treated as a synonym by GBIF; both are in use
FamilyPoaceae · other entries in this family
OrderPoales
Taxon identifiersGBIF 2703927 · Wikidata Q12845384 · NCBI Taxonomy 1249013

Names and identification

LanguageName
EnglishShara

Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

PropertyValueDescription
Rasa (Taste)Madhura, KashayaPrimary taste
Guna (Quality)SnigdhaPhysical quality
Virya (Potency)SheetaHeating/Cooling effect
Vipaka (Post-digestive)MadhuraPost-digestive effect

Dosage forms and preparation

Dosage Forms: Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), Kshara (alkali preparation), Capsule, Arka (distillate)

Standard Dosage: 3-6 g powder per day; 50-100 mL kwatha twice daily; 500 mg - 1 g Kshara with appropriate vehicle

Bioavailability: Phenolic acids and flavonoids show moderate bioavailability (20-35%). Kshara (alkali) preparations are highly water-soluble and rapidly absorbed. Silica content (from grass species) has low systemic bioavailability but contributes to local GI effects.

Optimal Timing: Before meals for urinary and digestive indications; Kshara with warm water or honey

Standardized Extract: Kshara (alkaline preparation) standardized to pH 10-12, total alkalinity NLT 50% as potassium carbonate equivalents; aqueous-ethanolic extract (4:1) for non-Kshara formulations

Shelf Life: Indefinite for Kshara in sealed containers; 24 months for churna; 30 months for capsules

Storage: Kshara is hygroscopic — store in airtight glass or HDPE containers with desiccant. Churna below 25 deg C, protect from moisture.

Marker Compounds: Potassium carbonate (in Kshara), Silica, p-Coumaric acid, Ferulic acid, Tricin

Extraction Methods

  • Aqueous decoction
  • Kshara preparation (calcination of whole plant and water extraction of ash)
  • Hydroalcoholic extraction (50% ethanol)
  • Arka preparation by distillation

Synergistic Combinations

  • Kusha (similar grass-type herbs in Trina Panchamula)
  • Darbha (five grasses combination for urinary disorders)
  • Gokshura (diuretic and litholytic synergy)
  • Varuna (urinary calculus formulations)

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