# srotas (स्रोतस्) > Canonical version of this page: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/lexicon/srotas/ An Ayurvedic technical term, rendered into English in 7 different ways across 8 sources. The renderings do not agree, and the difference between them changes what the term is taken to mean. ## Identification | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Transliteration | srotas | | Devanagari | स्रोतस् | | Also written | srotaḥ (nom. sg.), srotāṃsi (nom./acc. pl.), sroto- (in compound), strotas (common Anglo-Indian misspelling) | | Category, as gathered | srotas-concept | | Grouped under | Body: tissues, wastes and channels | | Classical citations | 7 | | Citations checked | 2026-10-08 | ## How it is translated, and whether the translation holds Each rendering is given with the source that uses it. The assessment is ours. ### Channel, conduit WHO International Standard Terminologies on Ayurveda (2022) · Entry ITA-2.5.1, section 2.5 Body channels, p. 41; description given as "Channels for the transportation of substances from one part to another."; Sanskrit given as srotaḥ / स्रोतः · standards-body This is the WHO's own English term, recorded here as a factual statement about that source. Note WHO glosses srotas at the level of a generic transport conduit and does not attempt to capture the transformative (pariṇāma) function Charaka assigns it. Reproduced unaltered and attributed from the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Ayurveda, which is what that licence permits, and deliberately absent from the downloadable dataset, which is CC BY 4.0. ### ducts Charaka Samhita, tr. Avinash Chandra Kaviratna (public domain) · Vimana Sthana, Lesson V, p. 502 ff. of the Kaviratna translation (archive.org item BIUSante_47357). Chapter title rendered "the Vimanam about the ducts (of the body)". · public-domain-translation Kaviratna renders srotas uniformly as 'ducts' throughout Vimana V. In a translator's footnote (marked '—T.') on the same page he adds: "By 'Srotas' is meant the ducts or channels, that is, the arterial and V'errous [venous] system of the body. It probably includes also the nervous system." That gloss is Kaviratna's 1890s anatomical interpretation, not the text. ### Srotas (lit. channels or currents) Sushruta Samhita, tr. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (public domain) · Sharira Sthana ch. IX, metrical text, verse 13 · public-domain-translation Bhishagratna is not consistent. Elsewhere he renders the same word "Srotas (internal passages or ducts)" (Sharira Sthana ch. V.4), "the interior channels (Srotas) of the body" (Sharira V.3), and "other Srotas (channels)" (Sharira IV, Mansadhara-kala). The variability is itself evidence that no single English word was felt adequate. ### body channels / channels of circulation / transport and transformation channels Charak Samhita New Edition (CSRTDC, carakasamhitaonline.com) · Sroto Vimana article; the Kha vaigunya article glosses srotas as "body channels of transport and transformation" · modern-scholarly-edition · our paraphrase of the source, not its words Recorded as a comparator rendering only. This edition's English is in copyright (CC-licensed, CSNE DOI series) and is not quoted here. ### (the source's rendering is a full definition and is not reproduced here) Sharma S et al., 'Concept of Srotas, Srotodushti, and its Applied Clinical Aspects', Int. Res. J. Ayurveda & Yoga 6(12):98-102 (2023) · DOI 10.47223/IRJAY.2023.61218, sections 1 and 3.1 · modern-journal-review The source's rendering is not reproduced here, because it is a modern translation and still in copyright. Representative of the standard Indian BAMS-textbook rendering. Note it also reports the derivation "Sravanata Srotamsi" and attributes it to Acharya Charaka; other reviews attribute the same gloss to Chakrapani's commentary, not the mula text. I could not verify which. ### Internal channel (antarmukhasrotaḥ); Anal or urethral passage (adhaḥsrotaḥ); The major inner cavity of the body from the mouth to anus (mahāsrotas) WHO International Standard Terminologies on Ayurveda (2022) · ITA-2.5.4, ITA-2.5.5, ITA.3.11.1 · standards-body Shows that WHO treats srotas-compounds as distinct lexical entries rather than as instances of one abstract concept. mahāsrotas is placed under Viscera (anatomy), not under Body channels. Reproduced unaltered and attributed from the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Ayurveda, which is what that licence permits, and deliberately absent from the downloadable dataset, which is CC BY 4.0. ### no ICD-11 entry found ICD-11 · not located · standards-body · our paraphrase of the source, not its words srotas is a physiological/anatomical concept, not a morbidity entity; ICD-11 Traditional Medicine Module 2 (Ayurveda/Siddha/Unani, released Feb 2025) classifies disorders, so a srotas entry would not be expected. I did not verify this by direct search of the ICD-11 browser. ### not verified NAMASTE portal (Ministry of Ayush / CCRAS) · namaste.ayush.gov.in — terminology lists behind registration · standards-body · our paraphrase of the source, not its words The portal publishes both Standardized Ayurveda Terminologies and National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes (NAMC, 2888 codes), but the term lists require sign-up as Alumni or Practitioner. I could not retrieve NAMASTE's rendering of srotas. This gap applies to every term in this batch. ## The classical passages ### Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana 5 (Srotasam Vimana):3, checked against the source > यावन्तः पुरुषे मूर्तिमन्तो भावविशेषास्तावन्त एवास्मिन् स्रोतसां प्रकारविशेषाः| सर्वे हि भावा पुरुषे नान्तरेण स्रोतांस्यभिनिर्वर्तन्ते, क्षयं वाऽप्यभिगच्छन्ति| स्रोतांसि खलु परिणाममापद्यमानानां धातूनामभिवाहीनि भवन्त्ययनार्थेन||३|| tr. none (Sanskrit mula text) · https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Sroto_Vimana&action=raw There are as many kinds of srotas as there are embodied entities in a person; nothing in the person comes into being or wastes away except through the srotas; and the srotas carry (abhivāhīni) the dhatus that are undergoing transformation (pariṇāma), by way of being their pathway (ayanārthena). This is the single most-cited definitional verse for srotas. ### Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana 5 (Vimanam of the ducts):3, checked against the source > Verily, the ducts are the conduits of the ingredients of the body, for bearing them (from one place to another), during the process of their development ( or transformation ), tr. Avinash Chandra Kaviratna · https://archive.org/stream/BIUSante_47357/BIUSante_47357_djvu.txt The only lawfully quotable English rendering of the core srotas definition. Kaviratna = 'ducts'; 'ingredients of the body' = dhatu; 'development or transformation' = pariṇāma. Retrieved text is OCR of the archive.org scan; spacing and punctuation artifacts are reproduced as found. ### Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana 5:9, checked against the source > स्रोतांसि, सिराः, धमन्यः,रसायन्यः, रसवाहिन्यः, नाड्यः, पन्थानः,मार्गाः, शरीरच्छिद्राणि, संवृतासंवृतानि, स्थानानि, आशयाः, निकेताश्चेति शरीरधात्ववकाशानां लक्ष्यालक्ष्याणां नामानि भवन्ति| tr. none (Sanskrit mula text) · https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Sroto_Vimana&action=raw The canonical list of synonyms/near-synonyms for srotas: sirā, dhamanī, rasāyanī, rasavāhinī, nāḍī, panthā, mārga, śarīracchidra, saṃvṛta-asaṃvṛta, sthāna, āśaya, niketa. Charaka treats these as names for the perceptible and imperceptible spaces of the bodily dhatus, which is why lexicons that treat sirā/dhamanī/srotas as strictly separate structures are importing a Sushrutan distinction into Charaka. ### Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana 5:Kaviratna's aphorism 13 (= Ca.Vi.5/9), checked against the source > Srolas, Siras, Dhamani, Rasavahini, Nadi, Pantha Marga, Cariracchidra, covered and uncovered Sthana, Ayaya, Kshaya, and Niketa, — these are the names by which are known the passages or conduits, visible and invisible, of the dliatus ( or constituent elements ) of the body. tr. Avinash Chandra Kaviratna · https://archive.org/stream/BIUSante_47357/BIUSante_47357_djvu.txt Kaviratna's English of the synonym list, rendered collectively as 'the passages or conduits, visible and invisible'. OCR errors are in the source ('Srolas' for Srotas, 'Cariracchidra' for Sharira-cchidra, 'dliatus' for dhatus); his list also carries 'Ayaya' and 'Kshaya' where the Yadavji text has āśayāḥ, so his Sanskrit base text differed. ### Charaka Samhita Vimana Sthana 5:25, checked against the source > स्रोतांसि दीर्घाण्याकृत्या प्रतानसदृशानि च||२५|| tr. none (Sanskrit mula text) · https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Sroto_Vimana&action=raw Morphology of srotas: long in form and resembling a creeping/spreading network (pratāna). The immediately preceding half-verse (which I did not capture verbatim) supplies the colour, roundness and gross/subtle attributes. ### Sushruta Samhita Sharira Sthana 9 (Dhamani-vyakarana Sharira):13 (metrical text), checked against the source > The ducts emanating from the cavity of the heart, other than the Siras (veins), Dhaman is (arteries), and found to course through the whole body, are called Srotas (lit. channels or currents). tr. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna · https://archive.org/stream/englishtranslati00susruoft/englishtranslati00susruoft_djvu.txt Sushruta's definition, which is materially different from Charaka's: for Sushruta srotas is a third category, expressly distinguished from sirā and dhamanī, originating from the heart cavity. This is the root of the Charaka/Sushruta divergence that most English lexicon entries silently flatten. Also confirmed against the wisdomlib page for the same chapter (https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/sushruta-samhita-volume-3-sharirasthana/d/doc142889.html), which carries the identical sentence. ### Sushruta Samhita Sharira Sthana 9:11-12 **Quotation withheld:** nobody has yet read this quotation against its printed source, and an unchecked quotation is not published here. The passage is at https://archive.org/stream/englishtranslati00susruoft/englishtranslati00susruoft_djvu.txt Sushruta enumerates ELEVEN PAIRS of srotas (prana, anna, udaka, rasa, rakta, mamsa, meda, mutra, purisha, shukra, artava) as surgically relevant, against Charaka's THIRTEEN. Sushruta has no asthi-vaha or majja-vaha or sveda-vaha srotas and does have an artava-vaha srotas; Charaka has the reverse. Any lexicon that gives 'the thirteen srotas' as the definition is reporting Charaka only. ## The concept record for this term A term entry answers what the word means. It does not answer whether the thing the word names is settled, and often it is not. That is what the concept record is for: it sets out the questions on which the sources disagree about this term, with each position attributed, and states what is not established. - [Srotas (the channel system) and srotodushti](https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/concept/srotas-system/) ## Where this term does work in the theory One concept record names this term as one of its components, and glosses it there as follows. - **[Dosha-dushya-sammurchana (a modern Ayurvedic term for the meeting of disturbed dosha and susceptible tissue)](https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/concept/dosha-dushya-sammurchana/)**: The channel system through which dosha travels and in which the lodgement occurs; srotodushti (channel vitiation) is the stated mode of that lodgement. ## Not to be confused with - **sirā.** In Charaka Vi.5/9 sirā is listed as one of the names for srotas, i.e. effectively a synonym. In Sushruta Sharira 9/13 srotas is expressly defined as the ducts OTHER THAN sirā and dhamanī. The two texts are not reconcilable on this point and a lexicon must say which one it is following. - **dhamanī.** Same divergence as sirā. Bhishagratna glosses dhamanī as 'arteries' and sirā as 'veins', which is his 1907 anatomical overlay, not a translation. Sushruta himself records and then rejects the view that dhamanī and srotas are merely modifications of sirā. - **nāḍī.** nāḍī appears in Charaka's synonym list for srotas as an anatomical conduit. It is NOT the yogic/tantric nāḍī (iḍā, piṅgalā, suṣumṇā) of the haṭha-yoga corpus, which belongs to a different textual tradition. Conflating them is the single most common error in English-language popular writing. - **mahāsrotas.** WHO ISTA files mahāsrotas under Viscera (ITA.3.11.1) as the major inner cavity from mouth to anus, i.e. the gut lumen / koṣṭha, not as a member of the srotas series. It is not 'the great channel' in an abstract sense. - **khavaiguṇya.** kha is a synonym for srotas in the compound khavaiguṇya, but khavaiguṇya names a DEFECT in the channel, not the channel. See the khavaigunya record. ## Renderings that do not hold - arteries and veins / the arterial and venous system. This is Kaviratna's own 1890s translator's footnote, not the text, and he hedges it himself ('It probably includes also the nervous system'). Charaka's srotas include annavaha (gut), mutravaha (urinary), purishavaha (colorectal) and svedavaha (sweat) channels, none of which is vascular. - microchannels / micro-circulatory channels. A modern coinage. Charaka Vi.5/25 describes srotas as both sthūla (gross) and aṇu (subtle); restricting the word to the micro scale drops half the definition and imports a capillary-bed reading that the text does not make. - meridians. Imports a Chinese-medicine concept with a different anatomy, a different enumeration and a different clinical use. No classical Ayurvedic text supports the equation. - strotas. A misspelling, not a translation, but it is endemic in Indian journal literature and in web sources and will defeat a naive search. The correct transliteration is srotas (स्रोतस्), from √sru, to flow. ## Open questions Recorded rather than resolved. - The derivation 'sravaṇāt srotāṃsi' is attributed by some papers to Charaka himself and by others to Chakrapani's commentary on Ca.Su.30/12. I could not retrieve the commentary text to settle it. - Whether Charaka's thirteen and Sushruta's eleven were ever harmonised in the classical commentarial literature, or whether the discrepancy was simply left standing. - NAMASTE's official English rendering is unretrieved (portal requires registration). ## Citation Age Ayurveda Nighantu, "srotas", https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/lexicon/srotas/, CC BY 4.0. Whole lexicon: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/lexicon.json and https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/lexicon.csv. Educational reference only. A term entry explains what a word means and how it has been translated. Nothing here is advice.