# Tilaparni

> Tilaparni is a substance used in the Ayurvedic materia medica. Rosmarinic acid, a key phenolic, has oral bioavailability of approximately 15-20% due to esterase-mediated hydrolysis in the gut and extensive Phase II metabolism.

## Names and identification

| Language | Name |
|----------|------|
| English | Tilaparni |

## Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

| Property | Value | Description |
|----------|-------|-------------|
| **Rasa** (Taste) | Katu | Primary taste |
| **Guna** (Quality) | Laghu, Tikshna | Physical quality |
| **Virya** (Potency) | Ushna | Heating/Cooling effect |
| **Vipaka** (Post-digestive) | Katu | Post-digestive effect |

## What is it made of?

### Mineral/Elemental Profile

- **Primary component:** Mineral-derived preparation
- **Note:** Composition varies by specific preparation method

**Analytical Methods:** XRD, ICP-OES, SEM-EDS

## Dosage forms and preparation

**Dosage Forms:** Svarasa (fresh juice), Churna (powder), Kwatha (decoction), Capsule, Essential oil (topical)

**Standard Dosage:** 10-20 mL fresh juice twice daily; 2-4 g powder twice daily; 30-60 mL decoction twice daily

**Bioavailability:** Essential oil components ([thymol](/glossary/compounds-t-z/#thymol), [carvacrol](/glossary/compounds-a-c/#carvacrol)-type compounds) show good oral bioavailability (>45%) with rapid GI absorption. Rosmarinic acid, a key phenolic, has oral bioavailability of approximately 15-20% due to esterase-mediated hydrolysis in the gut and extensive Phase II metabolism. Lipid-based formulations improve absorption of hydrophobic [terpenoids](/glossary/compounds-t-z/#terpenoids).

**Optimal Timing:** Before meals for digestive complaints; after meals with honey for respiratory conditions

**Standardized Extract:** Essential oil standardized to total phenolic terpenoids >40% by GC-MS; hydroethanolic extract with >1.5% rosmarinic acid by HPLC

**Shelf Life:** Fresh juice: 24-48 hours refrigerated; Powder: 12 months; Essential oil: 24 months; Capsules: 24 months

**Storage:** Airtight, light-resistant containers at 15-25 deg C. Essential oil in amber glass. Fresh juice refrigerated at 2-8 deg C.

**Marker Compounds:** [Eugenol](/glossary/compounds-d-g/#eugenol), Methyl eugenol, Rosmarinic acid, Ursolic acid, [Linalool](/glossary/compounds-l-o/#linalool), beta-Caryophyllene, [Ocimene](/glossary/compounds-l-o/#ocimene)

### Extraction Methods

- Steam distillation for essential oil
- Hydroethanolic extraction (50-70% ethanol)
- Cold pressing of fresh herb
- Aqueous decoction
- Supercritical CO2 extraction

### Synergistic Combinations

- [Tulsi](/herb/tulsi/) (Ocimum tenuiflorum) - overlapping Ocimum genus synergy
- [Pudina](/herb/pudina/) (Mentha) - digestive and carminative complementarity
- Maricha ([black pepper](/herb/black-pepper/)) - bioavailability enhancement
- Honey - traditional anupana for respiratory formulations

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Canonical version of this page: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/herb/tilaparni/

## Sources

- Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database (700+ herbs, CC-BY-4.0)
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India

Published by Age Ayurveda in the Nighantu. Educational reference only, not medical advice.
Incorporates material from the Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database under CC BY 4.0.