# Kamsya Bhasma > Kamsya Bhasma is a bhasma, a mineral or metal preparation reduced to ash by repeated calcination. An absence here means we could not identify the source, not that no work exists. Most evidence is traditional/empirical. ## Names and identification | Language | Name | |----------|------| | English | [Kamsya Bhasma](/herb/kamsya-bhasma/) | ## Key Phytochemical Constituents - Copper oxide (CuO) from copper component - Tin oxide (SnO2) from tin component - Mixed copper-tin oxide phases - Trace zinc, iron from alloy impurities - Organic compounds from herbal processing media ## How does it work? - Krimighna (anti-parasitic) action through copper and tin oxide-mediated disruption of parasitic cell membranes and metabolic processes - Kushthahara (anti-dermatological) effect through combined [antimicrobial](/reference/antimicrobial/) and anti-inflammatory properties of copper-tin oxide nanoparticles on skin lesions - Netra Roga (eye disease) management through cooling (Sheeta Virya) properties of bronze compounds, reducing Pitta-mediated ocular inflammation - Medohara (anti-obesity) action through metabolic regulation and lipid metabolism modulation attributed to copper-zinc enzyme cofactor effects ## Which traditional uses are supported by research? - Worm infestations (Krimi Roga): Anti-parasitic properties of copper compounds provide mechanistic support for traditional use - Skin diseases (Kushtha): Combined antimicrobial properties of copper and tin oxides support traditional dermatological applications - Eye disorders (Netra Roga): Historical use of Kansa instruments in eye treatments documented since Charaka period, supported by anti-inflammatory copper properties ## What do recent clinical trials show? *3 further claims previously listed here could not be traced to a published paper and have been removed. An absence here means we could not identify the source, not that no work exists.* ## Recent safety updates - SAFE AT THERAPEUTIC DOSES: 60-120 mg dose range considered safe when prepared per classical guidelines - COPPER TOXICITY RISK: Given 80% copper content in source material, copper toxicity symptoms (nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity) possible with overdose - LIMITED MODERN SAFETY DATA: Fewer toxicological studies available compared to single-metal Bhasmas. Most evidence is traditional/empirical. - ALLOY STANDARDIZATION: Variation in copper:tin ratio across commercial bronze sources may affect both efficacy and safety. Only traditional bell metal (Kansa) ratio recommended. ## What is it made of? ### Mineral/Elemental Profile - **Copper-tin alloy (Cu-Sn):** Major component (bell metal) - **Copper (Cu):** ~78% - **Tin (Sn):** ~22% **Analytical Methods:** XRD, ICP-OES, SEM-EDS ## Dosage forms and preparation **Dosage Forms:** Bhasma **Standard Dosage:** 125–250 mg **Bioavailability:** Good; bronze converted to bioavailable copper-tin oxide nanoparticles **Optimal Timing:** With honey; before meals for digestive conditions **Standardized Extract:** Calcined bronze bhasma **Shelf Life:** Indefinite **Storage:** Airtight container **Marker Compounds:** Copper oxide, Tin oxide, Trace zinc **Quality Parameters:** Standard bhasma tests, copper content within therapeutic range, no free metal **Vehicle (Anupana):** Honey or [Triphala](/herb/triphala/) Kwatha ## Safety, contraindications and cautions No authoritative safety data was found for this entry. No permitted source contains a monograph, composition, elemental analysis, dose, adverse-effect report, toxicity study or clinical study of Kamsya Bhasma (also transliterated Kansya Bhasma). Searches run on 10 September 2026: PubMed and PMC for 'Kamsya bhasma', 'Kansya bhasma', 'bell metal bhasma' and bronze or copper-tin alloy Ayurvedic preparations; Liu et al. (2019), a review of the chemistry and toxicity of bhasma metals, which enumerates Suvarna (gold), Rajata (silver), Tamra (copper), Lauha (iron), Naga (lead), Yashada (zinc), Vanga (tin), Parada (mercury), Abhraka (mica) and Manahshila (arsenic) and does not mention Kamsya, Kansya, bell metal or any copper-tin alloy; Sarkar et al. (2010), a review of metal pharmacology in Ayurvedic literature, which lists mercury, gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, lead and zinc and likewise names no alloy; and ayush.gov.in and pharmacopoeia.gov.in for Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and Ayurvedic Formulary of India monographs. The commonly repeated identification of Kamsya as bell metal or bronze, an approximately 4:1 copper-to-tin alloy, appears only on commercial and non-indexed sites, which this project does not permit as citations, so the metal base is not asserted here. No dose, no dose-range and no dose-limit for this preparation exists in any permitted source, in humans or in animals, so no dose field is given. Everything below is class-level evidence about bhasmas and Ayurvedic metallic preparations. None of it is a measurement of this product, and none of it should be read as establishing either that Kamsya Bhasma does contain a particular metal or that it does not. - **Pregnancy:** avoid — Avoid. WHO states that there is no level of lead exposure known to be without harmful effects, that lead stored in bone is released into the blood during pregnancy and becomes a source of exposure to the developing fetus, and that lead exposure during pregnancy can cause reduced fetal growth and preterm birth; WHO further states that exposure to mercury, even in small amounts, may cause serious health problems and is a threat to the development of the child in utero and early in life. This preparation is a metallic or mineral bhasma whose metal content has never been measured in a permitted source, and Bhalla and Pannu found metals in every preparation they tested while only 27.9% declared them, so it cannot be assumed metal-free. NCCIH advises pregnant or nursing people to consult a health care provider because some Ayurvedic products may contain harmful constituents. With a developmental neurotoxicant plausibly present, no measured content and no pregnancy data of any kind on Kamsya Bhasma, the honest grading is avoid rather than caution. (Lead poisoning and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health; Mercury and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health; Are Ayurvedic medications store house of heavy metals? Bhalla A, Pannu AK. Toxicology Research (Cambridge). 2022., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8882783/; Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth; FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products) - **Breastfeeding:** avoid — Avoid. FDA states that if a mother has heavy metals in her body the metals may enter her breast milk and be passed onto the baby during breastfeeding. WHO states that mercury exposure, even in small amounts, is a threat to the development of the child in utero and early in life, and that lead permanently affects children's brain development with no exposure level known to be without harmful effects; the WHO lead and mercury fact sheets do not themselves address transfer into breast milk. No lactation data on Kamsya Bhasma exists in the permitted sources, and its metal content is unmeasured. (FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products; Mercury and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health; Lead poisoning and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health; Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth) - **Heavy metal content:** The metal base of Kamsya Bhasma cannot be stated from any permitted source, and no permitted source reports its elemental analysis. Liu et al. (eCAM, 2019) define bhasmas as metallic or mineral preparations subjected to repeated incineration with herbal juice or decoction and animal-based products, and enumerate the metals used: gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc, tin, mercury, mica and arsenic. Neither Liu et al. nor Sarkar et al. (2010) includes Kamsya or any alloy in that enumeration, so class-level bhasma data is the only evidence available and it may not describe this preparation. Saper et al. (JAMA, 2008) analysed 193 Ayurvedic medicines bought over the internet from 37 manufacturers and found detectable lead, mercury or arsenic in 20.7% (95% CI 15.2 to 27.1), rising to 40.6% among rasa shastra products against 17.1% for non-rasa shastra (P = .007), with median lead 11.5 ug/g and median mercury 20,800 ug/g in the rasa shastra subset; the authors note as limitations possible misclassification of country of origin and of rasa shastra status, batch-to-batch variability, and that internet-purchased products may not represent those dispensed by practitioners. Mikulski et al. (2018) analysed 252 Ayurvedic samples collected during a US lead-poisoning cluster investigation, which is a sample selected for suspected contamination rather than a random market survey: lead was present in 65% (median 4.9 mg/kg, maximum 43,200 mg/kg), mercury in 38.5% (median 53.0 mg/kg, maximum 279,000 mg/kg) and arsenic in 32.5% (median 8.4 mg/kg, maximum 44,800 mg/kg); roughly 36%, 49.5% and 39.5% of the positive samples exceeded acceptable daily intake for lead, mercury and arsenic respectively; the highest arsenic content was in a bhasma, Swarna Bhasma, at 22.4 mg per pill; the authors state that no metal speciation analysis was performed, so the chemical forms present were not determined. Bhalla and Pannu (2022) analysed 42 of 43 Ayurvedic preparations collected in Chandigarh by ICP-MS: mercury exceeded the 1 ug/g permissible limit in 29, zinc exceeded 50 ug/g in 35, arsenic exceeded 10 ug/g in 6 and lead exceeded 10 ug/g in 2, cadmium was not detected in any sample, all 42 contained iron and zinc, 41 contained copper, 73.8% exceeded the limit for mercury, arsenic or lead, and only 27.9% (12 of 43) declared heavy metals on the label; the authors state that this is a single-centre observation, which limits generalisability, and that the study did not identify the source of the metals. Liu et al. also report that the toxicity of copper-based Tamra Bhasma is markedly reduced by shodhana and argue that chemical form rather than total metal content governs toxicity; the same review states that reported cases of metal poisoning from these preparations are increasing and that pharmacovigilance is needed, so processing is not evidence of safety for any specific product. The FDA states that some Ayurvedic products include heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, iron and zinc, that there are no FDA-approved Ayurvedic products, and that chronic exposure to heavy metals leads to accumulation in the body and harmful effects. NCCIH reports that about one in four of the supplements tested had high levels of lead and almost half had high levels of mercury. Because Bhalla and Pannu found undeclared metals in the great majority of products they tested, an unanalysed bhasma cannot be assumed to be metal-free. (Chemical Compositions of Metals in Bhasmas and Tibetan Zuotai Are a Major Determinant of Their Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity. Liu J, Zhang F, Ravikanth V, Olajide OA, Li C, Wei LX. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6421027/; Ancient concept of metal pharmacology based on Ayurvedic literature. Sarkar PK, Das S, Prajapati PK. Ancient Science of Life. 2010;29(4)., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3336294/; Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US- and Indian-Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet. Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A, et al. JAMA. 2008;300(8):915-923., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2755247/; Toxic metals in ayurvedic preparations from a public health lead poisoning cluster investigation. Mikulski MA, Wichman MD, Simmons DL, Pham AN, Clottey V, Fuortes LJ. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2018., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6060866/; Are Ayurvedic medications store house of heavy metals? Bhalla A, Pannu AK. Toxicology Research (Cambridge). 2022., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8882783/; FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products; Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth) - **Contraindication (major):** Children — FDA states that adults and children can become very sick when heavy metals accumulate in their bodies over time. WHO states that lead can permanently affect children's brain development, reducing IQ and causing behavioural and learning problems, and that there is no level of lead exposure known to be without harmful effects. No paediatric data on this preparation exists in the permitted sources. (FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products; Lead poisoning and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health; Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth) - **Contraindication (major):** Kidney impairment or existing renal disease — Kidney injury is one of the harmful effects FDA attributes to chronic heavy-metal accumulation, and WHO reports kidney effects from mercury ranging from increased urinary protein to kidney failure, with inorganic mercury salts inducing kidney toxicity if ingested. Renal impairment also reduces clearance of any absorbed metal. This is a hazard-specific entry, not a general precaution. (FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products; Mercury and health. World Health Organization fact sheet., https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mercury-and-health) - **Contraindication (major):** Known heavy-metal poisoning, elevated blood lead or mercury, or concurrent use of other bhasma, rasa shastra or metal-containing preparations — Exposure is cumulative. Mikulski et al. found that a substantial share of positive samples exceeded acceptable daily intake for lead, mercury or arsenic on their own, before any second product is added, and NCCIH documents users of Ayurvedic preparations presenting with elevated blood lead. Because Kamsya Bhasma's own metal content is unmeasured, its contribution to total body burden cannot be estimated. (Toxic metals in ayurvedic preparations from a public health lead poisoning cluster investigation. Mikulski MA, Wichman MD, Simmons DL, Pham AN, Clottey V, Fuortes LJ. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2018., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6060866/; Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth; Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US- and Indian-Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet. Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A, et al. JAMA. 2008;300(8):915-923., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2755247/) - **Contraindication (major):** Any batch with no elemental analysis and no label declaration of metal content — Bhalla and Pannu found that only 27.9% of the preparations they collected declared heavy metals on the label while metals were widespread in them, and FDA states there are no FDA-approved Ayurvedic products. An undeclared, unanalysed batch gives no basis on which exposure can be judged. (Are Ayurvedic medications store house of heavy metals? Bhalla A, Pannu AK. Toxicology Research (Cambridge). 2022., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8882783/; FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products) - **Contraindication (minor):** People who avoid animal-derived materials on religious, dietary or ethical grounds — Liu et al. state that bhasma manufacture involves repeated incineration with herbal juice or decoction and animal-based products. No permitted source describes the manufacturing method of Kamsya Bhasma specifically, so whether animal-derived material is used in it is unknown and should be established from the manufacturer before use. (Chemical Compositions of Metals in Bhasmas and Tibetan Zuotai Are a Major Determinant of Their Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity. Liu J, Zhang F, Ravikanth V, Olajide OA, Li C, Wei LX. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2019., https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6421027/) - **Adverse effect:** Effects of chronic heavy-metal accumulation named by FDA: high blood pressure, kidney injury, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, and nervous-system symptoms including burning or tingling in the fingers and/or toes, weakness in the limbs, dizziness, agitation and confusion (Not quantified. FDA describes these as harmful effects of chronic exposure to heavy metals in unapproved Ayurvedic drug products, and adds that large acute ingestions over short periods can be life-threatening) (FDA warns about heavy metal poisoning associated with certain unapproved ayurvedic drug products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2 December 2025., https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fraudulent-products/fda-warns-about-heavy-metal-poisoning-associated-certain-unapproved-ayurvedic-drug-products) - **Adverse effect:** Elevated blood lead, and in some people elevated blood mercury, among users of Ayurvedic preparations (NCCIH cites a 2015 published survey of people who use Ayurvedic preparations in which 40 percent had elevated blood lead levels and some had elevated blood mercury levels, and a 2015 CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report case linking elevated blood lead in a 64-year-old woman to Ayurvedic preparations bought on the internet. NCCIH also states that arsenic poisoning from Ayurvedic products, although rare, can occur) (Ayurvedic Medicine: In Depth. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NIH)., https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ayurvedic-medicine-in-depth) Each statement above was checked by four independent reviewers and published only if its source could be confirmed to state it. --- Canonical version of this page: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/herb/kamsya-bhasma/ ## Sources - Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database (700+ herbs, CC-BY-4.0) - Web research (clinical trials, WHO monographs, safety databases) - Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India Published by Age Ayurveda in the Nighantu. Educational reference only, not medical advice. Incorporates material from the Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database under CC BY 4.0.