# Dadima

> Dadima (Punica granatum) is a plant used in Ayurveda. Seed, juice, peel, and flower all used for different indications. Bioavailability: Ellagic acid from pomegranate shows low oral bioavailability (1-5%) but is converted by gut microbiota to urolithins (urolithin A, B) which have excellent bioavailability and are the active metabolites (individual variation in microbiome conversion is significant—'urolithin metabotype' concept).

## Key facts

- **Botanical name:** Punica granatum

## Names and identification

| Language | Name |
|----------|------|
| English | Dadima |

## Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

| Property | Value | Description |
|----------|-------|-------------|
| **Rasa** (Taste) | Madhura, Kashaya | Primary taste |
| **Guna** (Quality) | Laghu | Physical quality |
| **Virya** (Potency) | Sheeta | Heating/Cooling effect |
| **Vipaka** (Post-digestive) | Madhura | Post-digestive effect |

## Dosage forms and preparation

**Dosage Forms:** Swarasa (fresh juice), Churna (seed/peel powder), Capsule, Tablet, Arishta (Dadimarishtam), Avaleha (Dadimavaleha), Extract concentrate

**Standard Dosage:** 30-60ml fresh juice; 3-6g peel powder twice daily; 500mg-1g extract capsule; 15-30ml Dadimarishta; 10-20g Dadimavaleha. Seed, juice, peel, and flower all used for different indications.

**Bioavailability:** Ellagic acid from pomegranate shows low oral bioavailability (1-5%) but is converted by gut microbiota to urolithins ([urolithin A](/glossary/compounds-t-z/#urolithin-aurolithin-a), B) which have excellent bioavailability and are the active metabolites (individual variation in microbiome conversion is significant—'urolithin metabotype' concept). [Punicalagin](/glossary/compounds-o-q/#punicalagin) (the major ellagitannin, up to 50% of peel weight) is poorly absorbed intact but is the primary precursor for urolithin production. [Anthocyanins](/glossary/compounds-1-a/#anthocyanins) from juice show rapid absorption (Tmax 0.5-1h) but low systemic levels. Seed oil (punicic acid) absorption enhanced by emulsification.

**Optimal Timing:** Fresh juice anytime, preferably morning; peel powder before meals for digestive/antidiarrheal effect; Dadimarishta after meals; Dadimavaleha between meals as tonic

**Standardized Extract:** Peel extract standardized to punicalagins NLT 30%; total [ellagitannins](/glossary/compounds-d-g/#ellagitannins) NLT 40%; ellagic acid NLT 5%. Juice concentrate standardized to total [polyphenols](/glossary/compounds-o-q/#polyphenols) NLT 20%. Seed oil: punicic acid NLT 65%.

**Shelf Life:** 3 days (fresh juice, refrigerated); 2 years (peel powder); 3 years (extract capsule/tablet); 5 years (Arishta); 1 year (seed oil, nitrogen-flushed)

**Storage:** Fresh juice refrigerated at 2-8°C in glass (not metal) containers. Peel powder in airtight containers away from moisture. Seed oil in amber glass, refrigerated, nitrogen-flushed. Extract capsules in cool, dry conditions below 25°C.

**Marker Compounds:** Punicalagin alpha and beta, [Punicalin](/glossary/compounds-o-q/#punicalin), Ellagic acid, Gallagic acid, Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Delphinidin-3-glucoside, Punicic acid (seed oil), [Urolithin A](/glossary/compounds-t-z/#urolithin-aurolithin-a) (metabolite), Gallic acid

### Extraction Methods

- Cold-pressed juice extraction from arils
- Hydroalcoholic extraction (50:50) of peel for ellagitannins
- Ethanol extraction (70%) for punicalagin enrichment
- Cold pressing of seeds for punicic acid-rich oil
- Spray drying of juice for stable powder
- Traditional Arishta fermentation for Dadimarishta

### Synergistic Combinations

- With Amalaki for synergistic [antioxidant](/reference/antioxidant/) and digestive benefits
- With [Haritaki](/herb/haritaki/) for GI tract health
- With [Bilva](/herb/bilva/) for IBS and malabsorption
- With [Ashwagandha](/herb/ashwagandha/) for cardiovascular protection
- With Kutaja for chronic diarrhea management

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Canonical version of this page: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/herb/dadima/

## Sources

- Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database (700+ herbs, CC-BY-4.0)
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India

Published by Age Ayurveda in the Nighantu. Educational reference only, not medical advice.
Incorporates material from the Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database under CC BY 4.0.