# Bhumyamalaki

> Bhumyamalaki (Phyllanthus fraternus) is a plant used in Ayurveda. Significant hepatic first-pass metabolism of lignans. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) improve lignan bioavailability by 2-3 fold. Phospholipid complexes (phytosomes) of Bhumyamalaki extract show enhanced hepatoprotective efficacy.

## Key facts

- **Botanical name:** Phyllanthus fraternus

## Names and identification

| Language | Name |
|----------|------|
| English | Bhumyamalaki |

## Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna)

| Property | Value | Description |
|----------|-------|-------------|
| **Rasa** (Taste) | Tikta, Kashaya, Madhura | Primary taste |
| **Guna** (Quality) | Laghu, Ruksha | Physical quality |
| **Virya** (Potency) | Sheeta | Heating/Cooling effect |
| **Vipaka** (Post-digestive) | Madhura | Post-digestive effect |

## Dosage forms and preparation

**Dosage Forms:** Churna (powder), Tablet, Capsule, Kashayam (decoction), Swarasa (fresh juice), Syrup, Kwath Ghana (solid extract)

**Standard Dosage:** 3-6g powder twice daily; 500mg standardized extract capsule twice daily; 10-20ml juice; 50-100ml decoction twice daily for hepatic conditions

**Bioavailability:** [Phyllanthin](/glossary/compounds-o-q/#phyllanthin) and [hypophyllanthin](/glossary/compounds-g-l/#hypophyllanthin) show moderate oral bioavailability (25-35%). Significant hepatic first-pass metabolism of [lignans](/glossary/compounds-g-l/#lignans). Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) improve lignan bioavailability by 2-3 fold. Phospholipid complexes (phytosomes) of Bhumyamalaki extract show enhanced [hepatoprotective](/reference/hepatoprotective/) efficacy. Administration with warm water provides optimal absorption.

**Optimal Timing:** Before meals on empty stomach for hepatoprotective effect; morning and evening for viral hepatitis support; with warm water

**Standardized Extract:** Whole plant extract standardized to phyllanthin NLT 2% and hypophyllanthin NLT 0.5%; total bitter principles NLT 4%. Aqueous extract 10:1 ratio for decoction concentrates.

**Shelf Life:** 2 years (powder); 3 years (tablet/capsule); 1 year (syrup with preservative)

**Storage:** Cool, dry place away from light and moisture. Capsules in blister packs. Syrup in amber glass bottles. Temperature below 30°C.

**Marker Compounds:** Phyllanthin, Hypophyllanthin, Niranthin, Phyltetralin, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, [Corilagin](/glossary/compounds-c-d/#corilagin), [Quercetin](/reference/quercetinquercetin/), Astragalin

### Extraction Methods

- Hydroalcoholic extraction (70:30 ethanol:water) for lignan-rich extract
- Aqueous decoction for traditional use
- Ethyl acetate extraction for phyllanthin isolation
- Supercritical CO2 for lipophilic lignan concentration
- Spray drying for stable powder extract

### Synergistic Combinations

- With Kutki (Picrorhiza) for enhanced hepatoprotective activity
- With [Bhringraj](/herb/bhringraj/) for liver support formulations
- With [Kalmegh](/herb/kalmegh/) (Andrographis) for viral hepatitis
- With [Guduchi](/herb/guduchi/) for immune-hepatic synergy
- With [Punarnava](/herb/punarnava/) for hepato-renal protection

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Canonical version of this page: https://nighantu.ageayurveda.com/herb/bhumyamalaki/

## Sources

- Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database (700+ herbs, CC-BY-4.0)
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India

Published by Age Ayurveda in the Nighantu. Educational reference only, not medical advice.
Incorporates material from the Amidha Ayurveda Herb Database under CC BY 4.0.